29 October 2025
by Zanna Buckland

US and Japan critical minerals partnership

An agreement between the US and Japan is the latest in several collaborations in the mining and processing of critical minerals.

Stock image of the US and Japan flags next to each other
The US and Japan have agreed to collaborate on reinforcing critical minerals and rare earths supply © esfera/Shutterstock

US President Donald Trump and Prime Minister of Japan Sanae Takaichi have co-signed the United States-Japan Framework For Securing the Supply of Critical Minerals and Rare Earths through Mining and Processing.

The framework recognises both parties’ intentions to support the supply of raw and processed critical minerals and rare earths, capitalise on their respective existing operations, and implement concrete projects to establish new and secure supply chains.

Among the actions the parties will cooperate on are: greater investment in the mining industry and scrap recycling technologies, acceleration and deregulation of permitting processes, supply chain security (including working with other international partners), and geological mapping of mineral resources.

This also includes trade measures to encourage fair competition and pricing, as well as establishment of a US-Japan Critical Minerals Security Rapid Response Group to identify priority minerals and supply vulnerabilities.

The group will sit under the leadership of the US Secretary of Energy and the Japanese Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry.

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Zanna Buckland